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Cloud Computing Through Mobile-Learning

N. Mallikharjuna Rao, C. Sasidhar, V. Sathyendra Kumar

arXiv:1204.1594v1cs.CY

TL;DR

The paper addresses the cost of delivering web-based education and proposes cloud-supported mobile learning with shared resources and pay-as-used services. A questionnaire reports that respondents generally supported cloud use in education and believed it could reduce costs.

  • Problem

    Web-based learning can be costly for educational institutions because of data storage, load capacity, and software licensing expenses that vary with usage.

    Source: §III · p. 1, D. Requirements for Cloud · p. 3

  • Method

    The paper proposes an education system using cloud resources on a pay-as-needed basis and mobile learning through shared resources accessible from mobile phones.

    Source: D. Requirements for Cloud · p. 3, A. Mobile- Learning · p. 3

  • Results

    In an October 2010 survey, 88% agreed to implement cloud for education and 94% believed cloud technology could reduce the cost of high-quality education.

    Source: C. Cloud computing usage · p. 2

  • Takeaways & Limitations

    The paper concludes that cloud-based education could offer quality learning at affordable cost, including opportunities for students in rural areas to access knowledge shared by distant professors.

    Source: VI CONCLUSIONS · p. 6

Abstract

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Cloud computing is the new technology that has various advantages and it is an adoptable technology in this present scenario. The main advantage of the cloud computing is that this technology reduces the cost effectiveness for the implementation of the Hardware, software and License for all. This is the better peak time to analyze the cloud and its implementation and better use it for the development of the quality and low cost education for all over the world. In this paper, we discuss how to influence on cloud computing and influence on this technology to take education to a wider mass of students over the country. We believe cloud computing will surely improve the current system of education and improve quality at an affordable cost.

I. INTRODUCTION

The introduction presents cloud computing as a potentially low-cost route to quality education, while the background connects mobile cloud use to feature-phone markets and rural access. The present scenario identifies high costs for web-based learning as a barrier that cloud resources may help address.

I. INTRODUCTION

  • Cloud computing is presented as a low-cost way to implement infrastructure and support quality education, with free cloud offerings noted for education systems.The introduction also describes cloud elasticity and software and infrastructure support as attracting IT and business specialists [2][3].Source: §I · p. 1

II BACKGROUND

  • Mobile cloud computing is expected to affect mobile platforms, while feature-phone markets persist and the paper proposes mobile applications for rural Indian villages.The background also notes the broad audience for feature phones and availability of mobile web developers.Source: II BACKGROUND · p. 1

III. PRESENT SCENARIO

  • Web-based teaching in India is not widely adopted and can be costly because of data storage and software expenses, while cloud resources offer a lower-cost implementation route.The passage identifies educational institutions and streams as potential users of those resources.Source: §III · p. 1

A. Benefits of Cloud Computing

The passages describe cloud computing as a way to address educational institutions’ support challenges through flexible costs and scalable infrastructure, while also attending to sensitive-data protection and mobile performance.

A. Benefits of Cloud Computing

  • Cloud computing is presented as helping resolve common educational-institution support challenges [5] through subscription or pay-as-you-go costs and scalable infrastructure.Infrastructure can scale as demand fluctuates.Source: A. Benefits of Cloud Computing · p. 1
  • The text links public availability of data and services with avoiding exposure of sensitive information.The supplied passage does not specify how that protection is achieved.Source: A. Benefits of Cloud Computing · pp. 1–2
  • Cloud components used through mobile terminals are expected to deliver optimal performance.The passage says organizations may use a vendor or build their own cloud applications, platforms, and hardware.Source: A. Benefits of Cloud Computing · p. 2

4) The Client – The End User

The client model places cloud applications on mobile hardware and emphasizes security and optimization. The cloud-services overview describes infrastructure, platform, and software offerings, including education-oriented examples from Microsoft.

4) The Client – The End User

  • The mobile client combines hardware and software, with optimization focused on local hardware capacity and software security.The passage also notes that pre-installed applications can be viewed by mobile devices through clouds.Source: 4) The Client – The End User · p. 2

B. Services in Cloud Computing

  • Infrastructure as a Service provides on-demand computing and storage for hosting, scaling, and managing applications and services.The passage uses Microsoft data centers as an example of scaling infrastructure globally or locally.Source: B. Services in Cloud Computing · p. 2
  • The described Platform as a Service combines an operating system, relational database, service bus, and security-enhanced connectivity for applications.The Windows Azure platform is described as offering on-demand scalability and reduced time to market.Source: B. Services in Cloud Computing · p. 2
  • Software as a Service includes Microsoft-hosted services for faculty, staff, and students, such as email, collaboration tools, and browser-based Office applications.The listed examples also include hosted security, compliance, workflow, and information-management services.Source: B. Services in Cloud Computing · p. 2

C. Cloud computing usage

A 2010 questionnaire reports respondents’ views about cloud use in education and cost. The proposed system applies pay-as-used cloud resources to education, with cloud and client models for managing access, load, and security.

C. Cloud computing usage

  • 88% agreed to implement cloud for education, 94% believed it could reduce costs, 69% knew it was used in business, and 12% knew it was used in education.These findings came from a questionnaire survey conducted in October 2010.Source: C. Cloud computing usage · p. 2

D. Requirements for Cloud

  • Educational institutions face costs for data storage, load capacity, and software licensing that vary with real-time use; the passage presents Pay as Use as a response.It contrasts those expenses with business streams’ ability to generate revenue from them.Source: D. Requirements for Cloud · p. 3
  • The proposed education system supplies software, hardware, infrastructure, and storage through cloud computing, with users paying for what they need rather than unused resources.Its cloud model provides data manipulation, load control, authentication, authorization, elastic storage and access, security, and backup.Source: D. Requirements for Cloud · p. 3, Figure 2 · p. 3
  • The client model distributes educational data through available data centers and checks registration and valid-client access to safeguard data and share knowledge.The passage describes the model as enabling users across education streams to access distributed knowledge resources.Source: D. Requirements for Cloud · p. 3, Figure 3 · p. 3

A. Mobile- Learning

Mobile-Learning uses cloud computing to give learners free, anytime, anywhere access to centralized shared resources. Learners can choose topics through mobile phones without storing everything on their devices.

A. Mobile- Learning

  • Mobile-Learning gives learners free, anytime, anywhere access to knowledge from centralized shared resources.The system is implemented for education using cloud computing.Source: A. Mobile- Learning · p. 3
  • Learners can choose topics from cloud data centers through mobile phones without storing everything on their devices.The passage describes pay-as-you-use access to selected learning topics.Source: A. Mobile- Learning · p. 3

B. Functionality of Mobile-Learning

Mobile-Learning users access learning materials through a web or mobile application, choose content, and can use it for self-assessment. The cloud model describes authenticated access and layers for data storage, memory management, and processing.

B. Functionality of Mobile-Learning

  • Users register for web access or install a mobile application, connect through GPRS/Wi-Fi, and select text, audio, or video content.Content is buffered from the cloud and may be downloaded when the mobile device has available memory; users can also take self-assessments and review results.Source: B. Functionality of Mobile-Learning · pp. 3–4

C. Mobile-Learning Cloud Model

  • The cloud model shares requested data only with authenticated users accessing the cloud with their credentials.Source: C. Mobile-Learning Cloud Model · p. 4
  • The cloud model describes data storage, memory management for data sent to mobile subscribers, and a process layer that interacts with security firewalls and memory management.The passage describes the process flow as having six steps.Source: C. Mobile-Learning Cloud Model · p. 4

D. Mobile-Learning Client Model

The client model lets users connect to the cloud, select learning materials, and keep downloaded data on a mobile device. The section presents cloud services as a way to manage access, storage, and cost as mobile learning grows.

D. Mobile-Learning Client Model

  • Users connect a mobile device to the cloud, select topics, and retrieve text, video, or voice materials for storage in a mobile database.The described connections include GPRS, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi.Source: D. Mobile-Learning Client Model · p. 4

E. Advantages with Cloud in Mobile-Learning

  • The cloud is described as handling data-sharing security and peak-hour load management while allowing storage to increase as users post more content.Source: E. Advantages with Cloud in… · p. 4
  • The section describes web-based content on web-enabled mobile devices as a way for organizations, including small enterprises, to deliver mobile learning without large infrastructure and support costs.Source: E. Advantages with Cloud in… · pp. 4–5
  • Cloud applications can offer free or low-cost alternatives to proprietary tools and provide services, storage, and computing power without on-site machine investment.Source: E. Advantages with Cloud in… · p. 5
  • Students and teachers are described as having 24/7 access to files and applications, provided they have Internet access.The passage notes that applications need not be installed on every computer used to create an assessment.Source: E. Advantages with Cloud in… · p. 5

V MERITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING MOBILE-LEARNING

This section introduces the merits of cloud computing for mobile learning.

V MERITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING MOBILE-LEARNING

A. Lower costs.

Cloud-hosted applications let users run high-configured software on low-cost mobile devices without loading programs or storing documents locally.

  • Cloud applications run online, so users do not need a high-powered, high-priced computer.Source: A. Lower costs · p. 5
  • Users can run high-configured applications on inexpensive mobile devices.Source: A. Lower costs · p. 5
  • Web-based mobile applications require no local memory for programs or saved documents.Source: A. Lower costs · p. 5

B. Improved performance

The section describes mobile cloud computing as improving device performance and reducing software costs while providing automatic updates and broader file compatibility.

B. Improved performance

  • Cloud-based mobile use is described as improving device performance because fewer programs and processes occupy memory.Source: B. Improved performance · p. 5

C. Reduced software costs.

D. Instant software updates

E. Improved document format compatibility

  • Mobile cloud computing is described as improving compatibility for opening files and applications through installation of multiple software programs on the device.Source: E. Improved document format… · p. 5

F. Increased data reliability

The section presents cloud storage as protecting access to data across computer failures and enabling document access across locations and devices. Its conclusion anticipates wider educational access, particularly for rural students.

F. Increased data reliability

G. Universal document access

H. Device independence.

  • Applications and documents remain available when users change computers or move to mobile phones, without device-specific program versions or formats.Source: H. Device independence · p. 5

VI CONCLUSIONS

  • The authors conclude that cloud-based education could give rural students access to knowledge shared by professors elsewhere.They also suggest cloud education could improve education offered to poor people.Source: VI CONCLUSIONS · p. 6
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